Clase IX - Inglés 3º - 27 de abril

  -Expresar obligación - Expressing obligation

• MUST. ("Deber") - Indica una obligación fuerte, pero de tipo moral. Es una obligación que conlleva una elección personal

I must study hard for this exam.

You must read this book. It is so good.

-Es un verbo que no añade -s en 3ª persona del singular y que no necesita verbo auxiliar para negar o preguntar.

• MUSTN'T - Indica prohibición. 

You mustn't smoke here

You mustn't step the grass

• HAVE TO - ("Tener que") - Indica una obligación que viene de una ley, una norma. Es una obligación ineludible

We have to wear masks at school

You have to be 18 to buy alcohol in Spain

-Have to sí se conjuga como un verbo normal y añade -s en 3ª persona de singular y necesita auxiliares para negar y preguntar.

• DON'T HAVE TO/DOESN'T HAVE TO. ("No tener que") - Indica que no hay obligación, ausencia de obligación.

I don't have to work today, it's Sunday.

I have tickets, she doesn't have to buy one.

Practica: must/have to,  mustn't/don' have to

Clase IX - Inglés 2º - 26 de abril

 Aprendemos el uso de las preposiciones AT, IN y ON

• Como preposiciones de lugar. Las tres se pueden traducir en castellano por "en". La diferencia es que ON se suele usar para expresar que algo está "sobre una superficie". AT se suele usar para expresar que algo "está en un punto determinado" e IN, para expresar que algo está "dentro de un espacio"

at	in	on
En un punto	Dentro de un espacio	Sobre una superficie
at the corner	in the garden	on the wall
at the bus stop	in London	on the ceiling
at the door	in France	on the door
at the top of the page	in a box	on the cover
at the end of the road	in my pocket	on the floor
at the entrance	in my wallet	on the carpet
at the crossroads	in a building	on the menu
at the front desk	in a car	on a page

También hay que recordar que estas tres preposiciones se usan en expresiones fijas:

at	in	on
at home	in a car	on a bus
at work	in a taxi	on a train
at school	in a helicopter	on a plane
at university	in a boat	on a ship
at college	in a lift (elevator)	on a bicycle, on a motorbike
at the top	in the newspaper	on a horse, on an elephant
at the bottom	in the sky	on the radio, on television
at the side	in a row	on the left, on the right
at reception	in Oxford Street	on the way

• Como preposiciones de tiempo

At - Se usa con momentos específicos, en general

- Con las horas (At five o'clock)

- Con los periodos festivos (at Christmas)

- Con el fin de semana (At the weekend)

On - Se usa con días y fechas, en general

- On Tuesday - El martes

- On the 21st of October - El 21 de octubre

- On New Year Day - En año nuevo

In - Se usa con periodos de tiempo menos específicos.

- In May - En mayo

- In 2009 - En 2009

- In the 20th century - En el siglo XX

- In the morning, - Por la mañana

En las tareas y exámenes te encontraras este tipo de ejercicio:

 Write the prepositions of time AT / IN / ON.  Escribe las preposiciones de tiempo.  

1. Helen comes ________________  20th December

2. They get up _____________________ 6.30. 

3. I usually go swimming _______________ Summer 

4. She studies History ________________ University.

5. There is a man ____________ the bus stop.

6. Sarah goes to London________________ weekends

7. The final exams are _____________ June.

8. I meet my friends ___________ Saturdays

9. She always visits her family ___________ Christmas

Clase VIII - Inglés 3º - 20 abril

  Explicamos la forma y el uso del Past Continuous.

• Past Continuous.

AFFIRMATIVE (suj + was/were + verbo+ing) (Yo estaba estudiando...)

I was studying
You were studying
He was studying
She was studying
It was studying
We were studying
You were studying
They were studying 

NEGATIVE (suj + wasn't/weren't + verbo+ing)

I wasn't studying

You weren't studying

He wasn't studying

She wasn't studying

It wasn't studying

We weren't studying

You weren't studying

They weren't studying

INTERROGATIVE (Was/were + suj + verbo+ing)

Was I studying?

Were you studying?

Was he studying?

Was she studying?

Was it studying?

Were we studying?

Were you studying?

Were they studying?

Usamos este tiempo verbal para expresar acciones que estaban teniendo lugar en un momento del pasado (Yesterday at 5 o'clock / Last Monday at 4.30) Se trata de acciones que tuvieron cierta duración en el tiempo y que el hablante quiere resaltar. 

I was working yesterday at 11.

Muchas veces este tiempo verbal aparece en combinación con el Past Simple. La acción expresada por el Past Continuous sería una acción larga que se ve interrumpida por una acción más corta expresada por el Past Simple

She was watching TV when I arrived (Ella estaba viendo la tele cuando yo llegué)
He was driving very fast when the police stopped him (Estaba conduciendo muy rápido cuando la policia lo paró)
The post arrived while I was working on the project (El correo llegó mientras yo estaba trabajando en el proyecto) 

Estas oraciones compuestas suelen ir unidas con los conectores WHEN (cuando) y WHILE (mientras) 

• Practica con este ejercicio

Clase VIII - Inglés 2º - 19 abril

  -Explicamos la diferencia entre nombres contables e incontables y el uso de, some/any/no, much/many/a lot of y how much/how many:

• Countable and uncountable nouns. 

Los nombres contables son aquéllos que se pueden contar y pueden ir en singular o plural.

Boy/boys, car/cars, house/houses, person/people

Los nombres incontables son aquéllos que no se pueden contar y sólo aparecen en singular

salt / water / cheese / milk

Los nombres de alimentos que se suelen comer en porciones, normalmente, son incontables en inglés, aunque en castellano sí se pueden contar:

ham (jamón)/cheese (queso)/bread (pan)/ice-cream (helado)

• SOME / ANY (unos, unas o, a veces, no se traducen) Se usan delante de nombres contables en plural o de nombres incontables. SOME, en frases afirmativas;(EN ALGUNAS PREGUNTAS QUE IMPLICAN UNA INVITACIÓN TAMBIEN SE USA SOME) ANY, en frases negativas e interrogativas

I've got some money / I haven't got any money / Have you got any money?

There are some apples / There aren't any apples / Are there any apples?

Would you like some water? (invitación)

• Much/Many/A lot of (muchos) - Much se use con nombres incontables y many con numbers contables y a menudo ambos se usan en frases negativas.

          A lot of se usa con contables y con incontables y, a menudo, en frases           afirmativas e interrogativas.

She has a lot of money // She hasn't got much money

I saw a lot of different animals // I didn't see many animals

• HOW MANY/ HOW MUCH. Estos dos interrogativos significan "cuánto/s". HOW MUCH se us a con nombres incontables y HOW MANY con nombres contables.

How many children are there? // How much sugar is there?

Practica: some/any/

Practica:

- Fill in the gaps with SOME, ANY 

• Mary doesn't like _________ sports
• There isn't _________ people in the queue 
• There were ________ people at the bus stop
• Would you like ________ice-cream?
• Are there _________ fruit in the fridge?

Clase VII - Inglés 3º - 30 de marzo

• Past Simple. Usamos  este tiempo verbal para expresar acciones que ya han acabado. Suelen aparecer con expresiones de tiempo que así lo indican (Last year, yesterday, last Friday, in 1998...)

Verb to be
 Affirmative                  Negative                             Interrogative           
I was                             I wasn't                                Was I?
You were                      You weren't                         Were you?
He was                         He wasn't                            Was he?
She was                       She wasn't                          Was she?
It was                             It wasn't                               Was it?
We were                       We weren't                         Were we?
You were                       You weren't                         Were you?
They were                     They weren't                       Were they?

Regular verbs. 
Affirmative (Suj + verb+ed)    Negative (suj.+didn't+verb pres)  Interrog. (did +suj+verbpres)
I lived                                        I didn't live                                       Did I live?
You lived                                  You didn't live                                  Did you live?
He lived                                    He didn't live                                   Did he live?
She lived                                  She didn't live                                 Did she live?
It lived                                       It didn't live                                      Did it live?
We lived                                   We didn't live                                  Did we live?
You lived                                   You didn't live                                 Did you live?
They lived                                 They didn't live                               Did they live?

Irregular verbs. (Aprender lista de verbos irregulares) 
Affirmative(Suj+verbpast)   Negative(suj+didn't+verb pres)   Interrog. (did + suj+ verb pres) 
I went                                     I didn't go                                       Did I go?
You went                               You didn't go                                  Did you go?
He went                                 He didn't go                                   Did he go?
She went                               She didn't go                                 Did she go? 
It went                                    It didn't go                                      Did it go?
We went                                We didn't go                                  Did we go?
You went                               You didn't go                                   Did you go?
They went                              They didn't go                                Did they go?

• Study these irregular verbs:

Be(see, estar)                                        Was, were                                      Been

Begin(empezar)                                     Began                                             Begun

Break(romper)                                        Broke                                              Broken

Buy (comprar)                                        Bought                                            Bought

Do (Hacer)                                             Did                                                   Done

Drink (Beber)                                         Drank                                              Drunk

Drive (conducir)                                     Drove                                               Driven

Eat (comer)                                            Ate                                                  Eaten

Go (ir)                                                    Went                                                Gone

Have (tener)                                          Had                                                  Had

Know (saber)                                        Knew                                                Known

Read (leer)                                            Read                                                Read

Sit (sentarse)                                         Sat                                                   Sat

Speak (hablar)                                      Spoke                                              Spoken

Think (pensar)                                    Thought                                          Thought

Win (ganar)                                         Won                                                  Won

• Practica. Realiza estos ejercicios de pasado simple 

Clase VII - Inglés 2º - 5 de abril

  

• • PRESENT CONTINUOUS

  Affirmative (Suj + verb to be + verb+ing) - Pincha el enlace si no sabes conjugar el verbo to be
  I am working
  You are working
  He is working
  She is working
  It is working
  We are working
  You are working
  They are working
  Negative (Suje + verb to be + not + verb+ing) - Recuerda que el verbo to be en negativa suele aparecer contraído.
  I'm not working
  You aren't working
  He isn't working
  She isn't working
  It isn't working
  We aren't working
  You aren't working
  They aren't working
  Interrogative (Verbo to be + suj + verb+ing)
  Am I working?
  Are you working?
  Is he working?
  Is she working?
  Is it working?
  Are we working?
  Are you working?
  Are they working?
  • Uso del Present Continuous: usamos este tiempo para expresar acciones que están ocurriendo ahora mismo.
  • Expresiones de tiempo que acompañan al Present Continuous.

  - Now (ahora)
  - Right now (ahora mismo)
  - At the moment (en este moment)
  Ej. Sarah is cooking dinner now // They are watching TV right now // We are havingbreakfast at the moment
  
  
  * Cómo añadir -ing a los verbos:
• La mayoría de los verbos añaden -ing sin que se observen cambios, (incluidos todos los verbos que acaban en -y). watch-watching // buy-buying // study-studying
• Los verbos que acaban en -e, quitan la -e y añaden -ing. Have-having // dance-dancing
• Los verbos que acaban en consonante+vocal+consonante, al añadir -ing, doblan la última consonante. Sit-sitting // swim-swimming // Clip-clipping
• Los verbos acabados en -ie, cambian -ie por -y y añaden -ing. Die-dying//lie-lying

• Practica el Present Simple
• Practica el Present Continuous
• Distingue si estas frases son de Present Simple o Present Continuous